DETERMINATION OF THE SUBSTANCES THAT GETTING TO THE ENVIRONMENT IN THE PLACES OF THE PROCESSING OF THE ELECTRONIC WASTES. PART 2. ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
UDC 614.7, 628.5
Keywords:
-Abstract
The GC/MS identification of organic compounds was performed on the environmental samples which have been affected by the processing of electronic wastes in China and India. The main groups of anthropogenic organic compounds, which were found in the samples of dust, soil and sediments, were represented by the classes of halogenated compounds including polychlorinated biphenyls, polychlorinated benzenes, polybrominated diphenyl ethers and chlorinated pesticides. Some samples also contained brominated benzenes, polychlorinated naphthalenes, polycyclic siloxanes, phthalate esters and organophosphorus compounds.
References
1. Cлободяник, М., Лабунська, І., Брігден, К. Визначення речовин, що потрапляють до навколишнього середовища у місцях переробки відходів електроніки. Частина 1. метали // Вісн. Київ. ун-ту ім. Т . Шев-ченка. – 2007. – Т. 45. – С. 53.
2. ATSDR. Toxicological Profile for Mirex and Chlordecone // United States Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry – Atlanta,1995.
3. ATSDR. Toxicological profile for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) // United States Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry – Atlanta, 2000.
4. ATSDR. Toxicological profile for hexachlorobenzene // United States Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry – Atlanta, 2002.
5. Carlsson, H., Nilsson, U., Becker, G., et al. Organophosphate ester flame retardants and plasticizers in the indoor environment: Analytical methodology and occurrence // Environmental Science & Technology. – 1997. - Vol.31, №10. - Р. 2931-2936.
6. Chien, Y.-C., Wang, H.P., Lin, K.-S., et al. Fate of bromine in pyrolysis of printed circuit board wastes // Chemosphere. – 2000. – Vol. 40. – P. 383-387.
7. Eriksson, P., Viberg, H., Ankarberg, E., et al. Polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDEs): a novel class of environmental neurotoxicants in our environment // In: Asplund, L.; Bergman, Å.; de Wit, C., et al. eds. Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Brominated Flame Retardants, BFR 2001. - Stockholm, 2001. - P: 71-73.
8. Falandysz, J. Polychlorinated naphthalenes: an environmental update // Environmental Pollution. – 1998. – Vol.101. – P. 77-90.
9. Hayward, D. Identification of bioaccumulating polychlorinated naphthalenes and their toxicological significance // Environmental Research Section. – 1998. – Vol. A76. – P. 1-18.
10. Hoppin, J.A. Male reproductive effects of phthalates: an emerging picture // Epidemiology. – 2003. – Vol.14, №3. – Р. 259 -260.
11. IPCS. Triphenyl Phosphate, Environmental Health Criteria 111 // International Programme on Chemical Safety. - UNEP/ILO/WHO, ISBN 92 4 157111 X. – 1991.
12. Jobling, S., Coey, S., Whitmore, J.G., et al. Wild intersex roach (Rutilus rutilus) have reduced fertility // Biology of Reproduction. – 2002. – Vol. 67, №2. – P. 515-524.
13. Jobling, S., Reynolds, T., White, R., et al. A variety of environmentally persistent chemicals, including some phthalate plasticizers, are weakly estrogenic // Environmental Health Perspectives. – 1995. – Vol. 103, №6. – P. 582-587.
14. Jobling, S., Sheahan, D., Osborne, J.A., et al. Inhibition of testicular growth in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) exposed to estrogenic alkylphenolic chemicals // Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. - 1996. – Vol. 15, №2. – P. 194-202.
15. Jones, A., Hedgecott, S., Zabel, T.F. Information related to proposed "Red List" substances // WRC Report PRU 1901-M/2. – 1988. – 73PP.
16. McKim, Jr. J. M., Wilga, P. C., Kolesar, G. B., et al. Induction of hepatic phase I and phase II metabolizing enzymes in the female fischer 344 rat by cyclic siloxanes // Toxicology Letters. – 1998. – Vol. 95, Supplement 1. – P. 101.
17. Meerts, I.A., Letcher, R.J., Hoving, S., et al. In vitro estrogenicity of polybrominated diphenyl ethers, hydroxylated PBDEs and polybrominated bisphenol A compounds // Environmental Health Perspectives. – 2001. – Vol. 109, №4. – P. 399-407.
18. OECD. Technical guidance for the environmentally sound management of specific waste streams: used and scrap personal computers // Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Working Group on Waste Prevention and Recycling. – 2003. - ENV/EPOC/WGWPR(2001)3/FINAL.
19. Rice, D.C. Behavioral impairment produced by low-level postnatal PCB exposure in monkeys // Environmental Research. – 1999. - Section A 80. – P. S113-S121.
20. Safe, S.H. Polychlorinated biphenyls // IN: Kroschwitz, J.I. & Howe-Grant, (Eds). The Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, Fourth Edition . - Wiley-Interscience, N.Y. – 1993. – Vol. 6. – P.127-139.
21. Sanchez, C., Ericsson, M., Carlsson, H., et al. Determination of organophosphate esters in air samples by dynamic sonication-assisted solvent extraction coupled on-line with large-volume injection gas chromatography utilizing a programmed-temperature vaporizer // Journal of Chromatography. – 2003. – Vol. A 993, №1-2. – P. 103-110.
22. She, J., Winkler, J., Visita, P., et al. Analysis of PBDEs in seal blubber and human breast adipose tissue samples // Organohalogen Compounds. – 2000. –Vol. 47. – P. 53-56.
23. Strandman, T., Koistinen, J., Kiviranta, H., et al. Levels of some polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in fish and human adipose tissue in Finland // Organohalogen Compounds. – 1999. – Vol. 40. – P. 355-358.
24. Swedish EPA. Persistent Organic Pollutants. A Swedish view of an International Problem // Text:Claes Bernes. – 1999. - ISBN 91-620-1189-8.
25. Tu, C., Prest, H.F. Determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in polymeric materials using the 6890 GC/ 5973N inert MSD with electron impact ionization // Application Note 5989-2850EN. Environmental, Component Testing. Agilent Technologies Inc. Printed in the USA. April 5, 2005.
26. Weistran, C., Lundén, Å., Norén, K. Leakage of polychlorinated biphenyls and naphthalenes from electronic equipment in a laboratory // Chemosphere. – 1992. – Vol. 24, №9. – P. 1197-1206.
27. Zajickova, L., Janca, J., Perina, V. Characterization of silicon oxide thin films deposited by plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition from octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane/oxygen feeds // Thin Solid Films. – 1999. – Vol. 338, №1-2. – P. 49-59.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2009 І. Лабунська, ст. наук. співроб., M. Cлободяник, д-р. хім. наук, проф., К. Брігден, канд. хім. наук
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
